我们提出了一个新颖的框架，用于设计无乘数内核机器，该机器可以在智能边缘设备等资源约束平台上使用。该框架使用基于边缘传播（MP）技术的分段线性（PWL）近似值，仅使用加法/减法，移位，比较和寄存器底流/溢出操作。我们建议使用针对现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）平台进行优化的基于硬件的MP推理和在线培训算法。我们的FPGA实施消除了对DSP单元的需求，并减少了LUT的数量。通过重复使用相同的硬件进行推理和培训，我们表明该平台可以克服由MP近似产生的分类错误和本地最小值。该提议的无乘数MP-Kernel机器在FPGA上的实施导致估计的能源消耗为13.4 PJ，功率消耗为107 MW，每台均具有〜9K LUTS和FFS，每张均具有256 x 32个大小的核与其他可比实现相比，区域和区域。

每年有超过500万五岁以下的儿童死于大部分可预防或可治疗的医疗状况，而在疫苗接种率低的欠发达国家中，死亡人数大部分大部分发生。联合国可持续发展目标之一（SDG 3）旨在结束五岁以下的新生儿和儿童的可预防死亡。我们专注于尼日利亚，在尼日利亚，婴儿死亡率令人震惊。我们与尼日利亚的大型非营利组织Helpmum合作设计和优化了不确定性下的异质健康干预措施的分配，以增加疫苗接种的吸收，这是尼日利亚的首次此类合作。我们的框架，顾问：AI驱动的疫苗接种干预优化器基于整数线性程序，该计划旨在最大程度地提高成功疫苗接种的累积概率。我们的优化公式在实践中是棘手的。我们提出了一种启发式方法，使我们能够解决现实世界中用例的问题。我们还为启发式方法提出了理论界限。最后，我们表明，通过实验评估，所提出的方法在疫苗接种方面优于基线方法。 Helpmum目前正在计划基于我们在最大的尼日利亚城市部署的方法，这将是该国AI驱动的疫苗接种吸收计划的首次部署，并希望为其他数据驱动计划铺平道路改善尼日利亚的健康状况。

Deep learning techniques with neural networks have been used effectively in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to obtain solutions to nonlinear differential equations. This paper presents a physics-informed neural network (PINN) approach to solve the Blasius function. This method eliminates the process of changing the non-linear differential equation to an initial value problem. Also, it tackles the convergence issue arising in the conventional series solution. It is seen that this method produces results that are at par with the numerical and conventional methods. The solution is extended to the negative axis to show that PINNs capture the singularity of the function at $\eta=-5.69$

Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (CCTA) provides information on the presence, extent, and severity of obstructive coronary artery disease. Large-scale clinical studies analyzing CCTA-derived metrics typically require ground-truth validation in the form of high-fidelity 3D intravascular imaging. However, manual rigid alignment of intravascular images to corresponding CCTA images is both time consuming and user-dependent. Moreover, intravascular modalities suffer from several non-rigid motion-induced distortions arising from distortions in the imaging catheter path. To address these issues, we here present a semi-automatic segmentation-based framework for both rigid and non-rigid matching of intravascular images to CCTA images. We formulate the problem in terms of finding the optimal \emph{virtual catheter path} that samples the CCTA data to recapitulate the coronary artery morphology found in the intravascular image. We validate our co-registration framework on a cohort of $n=40$ patients using bifurcation landmarks as ground truth for longitudinal and rotational registration. Our results indicate that our non-rigid registration significantly outperforms other co-registration approaches for luminal bifurcation alignment in both longitudinal (mean mismatch: 3.3 frames) and rotational directions (mean mismatch: 28.6 degrees). By providing a differentiable framework for automatic multi-modal intravascular data fusion, our developed co-registration modules significantly reduces the manual effort required to conduct large-scale multi-modal clinical studies while also providing a solid foundation for the development of machine learning-based co-registration approaches.

The Information Bottleneck theory provides a theoretical and computational framework for finding approximate minimum sufficient statistics. Analysis of the Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) training of a neural network on a toy problem has shown the existence of two phases, fitting and compression. In this work, we analyze the SGD training process of a Deep Neural Network on MNIST classification and confirm the existence of two phases of SGD training. We also propose a setup for estimating the mutual information for a Deep Neural Network through Variational Inference.

Abstractive dialogue summarization has long been viewed as an important standalone task in natural language processing, but no previous work has explored the possibility of whether abstractive dialogue summarization can also be used as a means to boost an NLP system's performance on other important dialogue comprehension tasks. In this paper, we propose a novel type of dialogue summarization task - STRUctured DiaLoguE Summarization - that can help pre-trained language models to better understand dialogues and improve their performance on important dialogue comprehension tasks. We further collect human annotations of STRUDEL summaries over 400 dialogues and introduce a new STRUDEL dialogue comprehension modeling framework that integrates STRUDEL into a graph-neural-network-based dialogue reasoning module over transformer encoder language models to improve their dialogue comprehension abilities. In our empirical experiments on two important downstream dialogue comprehension tasks - dialogue question answering and dialogue response prediction - we show that our STRUDEL dialogue comprehension model can significantly improve the dialogue comprehension performance of transformer encoder language models.

Modern telecom systems are monitored with performance and system logs from multiple application layers and components. Detecting anomalous events from these logs is key to identify security breaches, resource over-utilization, critical/fatal errors, etc. Current supervised log anomaly detection frameworks tend to perform poorly on new types or signatures of anomalies with few or unseen samples in the training data. In this work, we propose a meta-learning-based log anomaly detection framework (LogAnMeta) for detecting anomalies from sequence of log events with few samples. LoganMeta train a hybrid few-shot classifier in an episodic manner. The experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed method

A popular approach to creating a zero-shot cross-language retrieval model is to substitute a monolingual pretrained language model in the retrieval model with a multilingual pretrained language model such as Multilingual BERT. This multilingual model is fined-tuned to the retrieval task with monolingual data such as English MS MARCO using the same training recipe as the monolingual retrieval model used. However, such transferred models suffer from mismatches in the languages of the input text during training and inference. In this work, we propose transferring monolingual retrieval models using adapters, a parameter-efficient component for a transformer network. By adding adapters pretrained on language tasks for a specific language with task-specific adapters, prior work has shown that the adapter-enhanced models perform better than fine-tuning the entire model when transferring across languages in various NLP tasks. By constructing dense retrieval models with adapters, we show that models trained with monolingual data are more effective than fine-tuning the entire model when transferring to a Cross Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) setting. However, we found that the prior suggestion of replacing the language adapters to match the target language at inference time is suboptimal for dense retrieval models. We provide an in-depth analysis of this discrepancy between other cross-language NLP tasks and CLIR.

Complex and contact-rich robotic manipulation tasks, particularly those that involve multi-fingered hands and underactuated object manipulation, present a significant challenge to any control method. Methods based on reinforcement learning offer an appealing choice for such settings, as they can enable robots to learn to delicately balance contact forces and dexterously reposition objects without strong modeling assumptions. However, running reinforcement learning on real-world dexterous manipulation systems often requires significant manual engineering. This negates the benefits of autonomous data collection and ease of use that reinforcement learning should in principle provide. In this paper, we describe a system for vision-based dexterous manipulation that provides a "programming-free" approach for users to define new tasks and enable robots with complex multi-fingered hands to learn to perform them through interaction. The core principle underlying our system is that, in a vision-based setting, users should be able to provide high-level intermediate supervision that circumvents challenges in teleoperation or kinesthetic teaching which allow a robot to not only learn a task efficiently but also to autonomously practice. Our system includes a framework for users to define a final task and intermediate sub-tasks with image examples, a reinforcement learning procedure that learns the task autonomously without interventions, and experimental results with a four-finger robotic hand learning multi-stage object manipulation tasks directly in the real world, without simulation, manual modeling, or reward engineering.

Non-parametric tests can determine the better of two stochastic optimization algorithms when benchmarking results are ordinal, like the final fitness values of multiple trials. For many benchmarks, however, a trial can also terminate once it reaches a pre-specified target value. When only some trials reach the target value, two variables characterize a trial's outcome: the time it takes to reach the target value (or not) and its final fitness value. This paper describes a simple way to impose linear order on this two-variable trial data set so that traditional non-parametric methods can determine the better algorithm when neither dominates. We illustrate the method with the Mann-Whitney U-test. A simulation demonstrates that U-scores are much more effective than dominance when tasked with identifying the better of two algorithms. We test U-scores by having them determine the winners of the CEC 2022 Special Session and Competition on Real-Parameter Numerical Optimization.